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Disease Profile

Ivemark syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Neonatal

ICD-10

Q20.6

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies; Asplenia syndrome; Bilateral right-sidedness sequence;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Heart Diseases; Kidney and Urinary Diseases

Summary

Ivemark syndrome is a rare congenital condition that affects multiple organ systems of the body. Ivemark syndrome is classified as a heterotaxy disorder or a laterality disorder. These terms refer to the failure of the internal organs of the chest and abdomen to be arranged in the proper location within the body. It is characterized by the absence (asplenia) or underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the spleenheart malformations, and the abnormal arrangement of the internal organs of the chest and abdomen. Symptoms vary greatly depending on the specific abnormalities present; however if heart malformations are complex, the prognosis is often poor. The exact cause of Ivemark syndrome is not known. Most cases are sporadic (isolated and seemingly random). Unlike some other heterotaxy disorders, causative gene mutations have not been identified. There is no cure for Ivemark syndrome. Treatment might include surgical repair of heart malformations when appropriate and prophylactic antibiotic therapy to reduce the incidence of infection due to the absence or poor function of the spleen.[1][2][3]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
1%-4% of people have these symptoms
Aortopulmonary collateral arteries
0031834
Asplenia
Absent spleen
0001746
Common atrium
0011565
Inguinal hernia
0000023
Situs inversus totalis
All organs on wrong side of body
0001696
Tetralogy of Fallot
0001636
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
0005160
Transposition of the great arteries
0001669
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abdominal situs ambiguus
0031565
Abnormal lung lobation
0002101
Agenesis of corpus callosum
0001274
Atrial septal defect
An opening in the wall separating the top two chambers of the heart
Hole in heart wall separating two upper heart chambers

[ more ]

0001631
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Complete atrioventricular canal defect
0001674
Polysplenia
Multiple small spleens
0001748
Pulmonary artery atresia
0004935
Pulmonic stenosis
Narrowing of pulmonic valve
0001642
Right atrial isomerism
0011536
Single ventricle
0001750
Ventricular septal defect
Hole in heart wall separating two lower heart chambers
0001629

Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Social Networking Websites

  • Contact A Family is a UK-wide charity providing advice, information and support to individuals affected by various health conditions. They enable parents, families, and individuals to get in contact with others, on a local, national, and international basis. Each year they reach at least 275,000 families. Click on Contact a Family to view the Making Contact page for Ivemark syndrome.

    Organizations Providing General Support

      Learn more

      These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

      Where to Start

      • The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

        In-Depth Information

        • Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
        • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Ivemark syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

          References

          1. Ivemark Syndrome. National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). 2010; https://www.rarediseases.org/rare-disease-information/rare-diseases/byID/740/viewAbstract.
          2. Kenneth Lyon Jones. Smith's Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation. Elsevier Saunders; 2006; 6:698-700.
          3. Adrian Hrusca, Andreea Liana Rachisan, Bogdan Lucian, Simona Oprita, Simona Manole, Simona Cainap. Ivemark syndrome-a rare entity with specific anatomical features. Rev Med Chile. March 2015; 143(3):383-386. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=26005826.