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Disease Profile

Meningioma

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

1-9 / 100 000

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

All ages

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ICD-10

D32.9

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Categories

Endocrine Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Rare Cancers

Summary

Meningiomas are tumors that originate in the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Most meningiomas are not cancerous (benign), though a minority of meningiomas can be classified as atypical or cancerous (malignant).[1][2] Though rare, malignant meningiomas can be highly aggressive.[2] However, even benign meningiomas can cause problems if their growth affects neighboring areas of the brain. Though most meningiomas grow slowly, there is no way to predict the rate of growth for a particular meningioma or to know how long a specific meningioma was growing before it was diagnosed. Signs and symptoms can vary but may include seizures, headaches, weakness in the arms and legs, and vision loss. Sometimes memory loss, carelessness, and unsteadiness are the only symptoms.[1] Management depends on the location of the meningioma and symptoms present and may include observation, surgery, and/or radiation therapy.[1][2][3]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Treatment

The treatment varies depending on the location of the meningioma and the symptoms caused by the tumor.[1][2] Careful observation is sometimes the best course of action for people with a meningioma. When treatment is necessary, surgery and radiation are the most common forms of treatment.[2][3] Radiation may be used if the meningioma cannot be operated on or if the meningioma is only partially removed by surgery. Radiation may also be used in cases of malignant, atypical, or recurrent tumors.[2] Other treatments that have been tried or are being explored include hydroxyurea, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, immunotherapy to stimulate the immune system, and somatostatin analogs which prevent the release of growth hormones.[2]

Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

    Social Networking Websites

      Learn more

      These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

      Where to Start

      • The National Cancer Institute provides the most current information on cancer for patients, health professionals, and the general public.

        In-Depth Information

        • Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.

          References

          1. Facts about Meningiomas. Brigham and Women's Hospital. Feb 27, 2015; https://www.brighamandwomens.org/Departments_and_Services/neurosurgery/meningioma/meningiomafacts.aspx. Accessed 10/23/2015.
          2. Meningioma Brochure. American Brain Tumor Association. 2012. https://www.abta.org/secure/meningioma-brochure.pdf. Accessed 10/23/2015.
          3. Meningioma. American Brain Tumor Association. https://www.abta.org/brain-tumor-information/types-of-tumors/meningioma.html. Accessed 10/23/2015.

          Rare Ophthalmology News

          Medical Terms Other Names
          Learn More:
          HPO ID
          80%-99% of people have these symptoms
          Chromosomal breakage induced by ionizing radiation
          0010997
          Increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation
          0011133
          Intracranial meningioma
          0100009
          30%-79% of people have these symptoms
          Abnormal brain FDG positron emission tomography
          0012658
          Amenorrhea
          Abnormal absence of menstruation
          0000141
          Bitemporal hemianopia
          0030521
          Decreased circulating ACTH level
          0002920
          Decreased circulating cortisol level
          Low blood cortisol level
          0008163
          Decreased circulating follicle stimulating hormone level
          0030341
          Decreased circulating luteinizing hormone level
          0030344
          Decreased serum estradiol
          0008214
          Decreased serum testosterone level
          Decreased serum testosterone levels
          Low serum testosterone level
          Low serum testosterone levels

          [ more ]

          0040171
          Focal T2 hypointense thalamic lesion
          0012691
          Focal-onset seizure
          Seizure affecting one half of brain
          0007359
          Headache
          Headaches
          0002315
          Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
          0000044
          Impotence
          Difficulty getting a full erection
          Difficulty getting an erection

          [ more ]

          0000802
          Increased circulating prolactin concentration
          0000870
          Nausea and vomiting
          0002017
          Pituitary hypothyroidism
          Low thyroid gland function due to abnormal pituitary gland
          0008245
          Secondary growth hormone deficiency
          0008240
          5%-29% of people have these symptoms
          Abnormal central sensory function
          0011730
          Abnormal cerebellum morphology
          Abnormality of the cerebellum
          Cerebellar abnormalities
          Cerebellar abnormality
          Cerebellar anomaly

          [ more ]

          0001317
          Abnormal kinetic perimetry test
          0030591
          Abnormality of the sense of smell
          Abnormal sense of smell
          Smell defect

          [ more ]

          0004408
          Ataxia
          0001251
          Difficulty walking
          Difficulty in walking
          0002355
          Enlarged pituitary gland
          0012505
          Facial palsy
          Bell's palsy
          0010628
          Hemiparesis
          Weakness of one side of body
          0001269
          Hydrocephalus
          Too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain
          0000238
          Hypothalamic hypothyroidism
          0008237
          Increased intracranial pressure
          Rise in pressure inside skull
          0002516
          Lower limb muscle weakness
          Lower extremity weakness
          Lower limb weakness
          Muscle weakness in lower limbs

          [ more ]

          0007340
          Neoplasm of the anterior pituitary
          0011750
          Neurofibromas
          0001067
          Obesity
          Having too much body fat
          0001513
          Oculomotor nerve palsy
          0012246
          Ophthalmoplegia
          Eye muscle paralysis
          0000602
          Papilledema
          0001085
          Reduced circulating prolactin concentration
          0008202
          Slow decrease in visual acuity
          Slow decrease in sharpness of vision
          0007924
          Spinal meningioma
          0100010
          Trigeminal neuralgia
          0100661
          Upper limb muscle weakness
          Decreased arm strength
          Weak arm

          [ more ]

          0003484
          Visual acuity test abnormality
          0030532
          Weak extraocular muscles
          0007715
          1%-4% of people have these symptoms
          Abnormality of the mediastinum
          0045026
          Abnormality on pulmonary function testing
          0030878
          Back pain
          0003418
          Blindness
          0000618
          Brain stem compression
          0002512
          Cerebral hemorrhage
          Bleeding in brain
          0001342
          Ear pain
          Pain in the ear
          0030766
          Emotional lability
          Emotional instability
          0000712
          Excessive daytime somnolence
          Excessive daytime sleepiness
          More than typical sleepiness during day

          [ more ]

          0001262
          Hemifacial spasm
          Spasms on one side of the face
          0010828
          Neoplasm of the posterior pituitary
          0011752
          Neoplasm of the tongue
          0100648
          Neurological speech impairment
          Speech disorder
          Speech impairment
          Speech impediment

          [ more ]

          0002167
          Progressive pulmonary function impairment
          0006520
          Proptosis
          Bulging eye
          Eyeballs bulging out
          Prominent eyes
          Prominent globes
          Protruding eyes

          [ more ]

          0000520
          Syncope
          Fainting spell
          0001279
          Tinnitus
          Ringing in ears
          Ringing in the ears

          [ more ]

          0000360
          Transient global amnesia
          0010534