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Disease Profile

Orofaciodigital syndromes

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

-

ICD-10

Q87.0

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Orofaciodigital syndrome; Oral-facial-digital syndromes; Oral facial digital syndromes;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases

Summary

Orofaciodigital syndromes refers to numerous conditions in which the oral cavity (mouth, tongue, teeth, and jaw), facial structures (head, eyes, and nose), and digits (fingers and toes) may be formed differently. When changes happen to many different parts of the body, this is called a syndrome. The literature reports up to thirteen types of orofaciodigital syndrome, but research is necessary to confirm and clarify all of these types. For most of the types the exact cause of the condition is unknown. Click here to read this and more by visiting an information page on this topic developed by the National Human Genome Research Institute.[1]

See below for a list of orofaciodigital syndromes. These types are defined by certain symptoms or characteristics in addition to the those affecting the oral cavity, facial structures, and digits. Click on the embedded links to learn more about each type: 

Orofaciodigital syndrome 1 Orofaciodigital syndrome 8
Orofaciodigital syndrome 2 Orofaciodigital syndrome 9
Orofaciodigital syndrome 3 Orofaciodigital syndrome 10
Orofaciodigital syndrome 4 Orofaciodigital syndrome 11
Orofaciodigital syndrome 5 Orofaciodigital syndrome 12
Orofaciodigital syndrome 6 Orofaciodigital syndrome 13
Orofaciodigital syndrome 7*

*now considered identical to type 1

Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

    Learn more

    These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

    Where to Start

    • Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Orofaciodigital syndromes. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
    • The National Human Genome Research Institute's (NHGRI) website has an information page on this topic. NHGRI is part of the National Institutes of Health and supports research on the structure and function of the human genome and its role in health and disease.
    • The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

      In-Depth Information

      • MeSH® (Medical Subject Headings) is a terminology tool used by the National Library of Medicine. Click on the link to view information on this topic.
      • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
      • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
      • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Orofaciodigital syndromes. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

        References

        1. Oral-Facial-Digital Syndromes (OFDS) Research Study. National Human Genome Research Institute. 2009; https://www.genome.gov/27529974. Accessed 2/17/2010.