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Disease Profile

Spinocerebellar ataxia 10

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

Unknown

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Adult

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ICD-10

G11.2

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

SCA10; Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 98761

Definition
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is a subtype of type I autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA type I; see this term). It is characterized by slowly progressive cerebellar syndrome and epilepsy, sometimes mild pyramidal signs, peripheral neuropathy and neuropsychological disturbances.

Epidemiology
Prevalence is unknown. Many kindreds have been found in Mexican and Brazilian populations. SCA10 is the second most common inherited ataxia in these two countries.

Clinical description
Age of onset ranges from 18 to 45 years (mean age = 32.2 years). The most common type of epilepsy is generalized motor seizures, but partial motor or partial complex seizures can occur.

Etiology
SCA10 is caused by an ATTCT pentanucleotide repeat expansion in intron 9 of the ATXN10 gene (22q13). Exact pathogenesis has not been determined but RNA processing may be involved.

Prognosis
Prognosis is poor, especially for patients with refractory epilepsy. Exact disease duration is unknown. However, the mean disease duration can be estimated to be about 13 years.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Dysarthria
Difficulty articulating speech
0001260
Gait ataxia
Inability to coordinate movements when walking
0002066
Progressive cerebellar ataxia
0002073
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Cerebellar atrophy
Degeneration of cerebellum
0001272
Dysdiadochokinesis
Difficulty performing quick and alternating movements
0002075
Dyskinesia
Disorder of involuntary muscle movements
0100660
Dysmetria
Lack of coordination of movement
0001310
EEG with generalized epileptiform discharges
0011198
Gait imbalance
Abnormality of balance
Abnormality of equilibrium
Imbalanced walk

[ more ]

0002141
Gaze-evoked nystagmus
0000640
Generalized-onset seizure
0002197
Impaired smooth pursuit
0007772
Intention tremor
0002080
Scanning speech
Explosive speech
0002168
Unsteady gait
Unsteady walk
0002317
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Aggressive behavior
Aggression
Aggressive behaviour
Aggressiveness

[ more ]

0000718
Apathy
Lack of feeling, emotion, interest
0000741
Babinski sign
0003487
Depressivity
Depression
0000716
Focal impaired awareness seizure
0002384
Focal motor seizure
0011153
Generalized hypotonia
Decreased muscle tone
Low muscle tone

[ more ]

0001290
Hyperreflexia
Increased reflexes
0001347
Hyporeflexia
Decreased reflex response
Decreased reflexes

[ more ]

0001265
Lower limb spasticity
0002061
Sleep disturbance
Difficulty sleeping
Trouble sleeping

[ more ]

0002360
Status epilepticus
Repeated seizures without recovery between them
0002133
Urinary urgency
Overactive bladder
0000012
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormal pyramidal sign
0007256
Abnormality of extrapyramidal motor function
0002071
Autosomal dominant inheritance
0000006
Decreased nerve conduction velocity
0000762
Dementia
Dementia, progressive
Progressive dementia

[ more ]

0000726
Dysphagia
Poor swallowing
Swallowing difficulties
Swallowing difficulty

[ more ]

0002015
Genetic anticipation
0003743
Incomplete penetrance
0003829
Incoordination
Difficulties in coordination
Incoordination of limb movements
Limb incoordination

[ more ]

0002311
Limb ataxia
0002070
Morphological abnormality of the pyramidal tract
0002062
Nystagmus
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements
0000639
Seizure
0001250
Urinary incontinence
Loss of bladder control
0000020

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.
  • Spinocerebellar Ataxia: Making an Informed Choice about Genetic Testing is a booklet providing information about spinocerebellar ataxia and is available as a PDF document on the University of Washington Medical Center Web site. Click on the title above to view this resource.

    Organizations

    Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

    Organizations Supporting this Disease

      Learn more

      These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

      Where to Start

        In-Depth Information

        • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
        • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Spinocerebellar ataxia 10. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.